Internal Dosimetry - Combining Simulation with Phantom and Ex Vivo Measurement

Internal dosimetry of laser therapy is far too often overlooked or “guesstimated”, but is crucial information for the design of treatment protocols and prediction of biological ef?cacy. In vitro studies have given us a general idea of the range of biostimulatory doses, but their results do not and should not be directly extrapolated to form conclusions in vivo.

An 808-nm Diode Laser with a Flat-Top Handpiece Positively Photobiomodulates Mitochondria Activities

Flat top beam profile is preferable to Gaussian.

Pulsing: How do we know?

Summary of studies supporting use of pulsing in laser therapy

Only lasers can be used for low level laser therapy

The Necessity for Increased Attention to Pulsed Low-Level Laser Therapy

In conclusion, the pulsed wave LLLT devices provide more laser (light) parameters than continuous wave LLLT devices.

Effect of Pulsing in Low-Level Light Therapy

Conclusion: There is some evidence that pulsed light does have effects that are different from those of continuous wave light. However further work is needed to define these effects for different disease conditions and pulse structures.

Can Laser Therapy Damage Tissue

So, laser therapy does not cause cancer, or damage to skin, tissues or DNA, because therapy laser light is non-ionizing and is delivered at dosages far below those needed to cause damage.

Ex vivo penetration of low-level laser light through equine skin and flexor tendons